| Packaging Optimization |
Required
Use the minimum paperboard mass and volume needed to protect the product, maintain stacking performance, and support efficient filling and transport.
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ISO 18602:2013 provides a framework for optimizing packaging systems and minimizing material and energy use while maintaining required performance.
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Lightweighting can reduce material consumption and transport impacts, but excessive reduction may cause damage, waste, or lower line efficiency.
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| Fiber Origin and Responsible Forestry |
Preferred
Document the origin of virgin fiber and use independently certified responsible-forestry material where virgin fiber is necessary.
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Acceptable evidence may include a recognized chain-of-custody certificate, supplier documentation, and batch-level or product-level fiber declarations.
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Traceability helps reduce the risk of unknown or controversial fiber sources and supports responsible forest-management claims.
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| Recycled Fiber Content |
Disclose Clearly
State the percentage of recycled fiber, distinguish post-consumer from pre-consumer material, and avoid claiming a universal minimum where local rules do not establish one.
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Verify through supplier specifications, recycled-content declarations, mass-balance records where applicable, and relevant jurisdictional claim requirements.
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Recycled fiber can reduce dependence on virgin resources, but the suitable percentage depends on strength, appearance, food-contact, and converting requirements.
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| Recyclability by Fiber Recovery |
Required
The carton should be compatible with established paper-recycling systems in the intended market and should avoid components that significantly hinder repulping.
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ISO 18604:2013 addresses packaging intended for material recycling. Use recognized recyclability testing, mill trial data, or accepted local-design guidance.
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Fiber-based cartons are generally designed for paper recovery, but coatings, laminates, foils, adhesives, windows, and wet-strength treatments can affect mill performance.
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| Coatings, Inks, Adhesives, and Attachments |
Minimize
Prefer coatings, inks, adhesives, and windows that are compatible with the target recycling process; avoid unnecessary plastic layers, metalized films, and difficult-to-remove components.
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Request technical data sheets, repulpability or de-inkability information, and confirmation of compatibility with the relevant paper-recycling stream.
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A paperboard carton is not automatically recyclable if non-fiber components prevent sorting, pulping, screening, or acceptable fiber quality.
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| Substances of Concern |
Required
Obtain a supplier declaration covering intentionally added substances and applicable restrictions, including mineral-oil-related substances, heavy metals, PFAS, and other regulated chemicals where relevant.
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Review safety data, restricted-substance lists, applicable chemical regulations, and laboratory testing appropriate to the product and market.
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Chemical compliance protects consumers, workers, recycling quality, and the credibility of environmental claims.
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| Food-Contact Suitability |
When Applicable
For cartons used with food or beverages, verify compliance with the legal requirements of every destination market and assess migration risk from inks, coatings, adhesives, and recycled fiber.
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Use a formal declaration of compliance, supplier specifications, migration testing where required, and documentation for direct or indirect food contact.
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Food-contact requirements are application- and jurisdiction-specific; general recyclability alone does not demonstrate food-contact safety.
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| Reuse Potential |
Application-Based
Consider reuse only when the carton is intentionally designed for repeated use, can be emptied and handled safely, and has a realistic return or reuse system.
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ISO 18603:2013 provides principles for packaging reuse systems, including the existence of a functioning system and appropriate performance requirements.
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A carton should not be marketed as reusable solely because it can physically be used more than once.
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| End-of-Life Hierarchy |
Prioritize
Prefer prevention and material efficiency first, followed by reuse where justified, material recycling, and other recovery routes only when higher-value options are unsuitable.
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ISO 18601:2013 establishes the general framework for applying the ISO 18600 packaging-and-environment series.
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The best carton is assessed across its full system rather than by focusing on a single attribute such as recycled content or compostability.
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| Compostability Claims |
Only When Proven
Use compostability claims only when the complete carton system, including coatings, inks, adhesives, and attachments, meets the requirements of the relevant industrial or home-composting standard.
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ISO 18606:2013 covers packaging suitable for organic recycling. Certification and testing must match the claimed composting environment and geographic market.
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Industrial compostability does not mean home compostability, and neither claim guarantees acceptance by local organic-waste facilities.
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| Environmental Claims and Data Quality |
Required
Make claims that are specific, measurable, current, and supported by documented evidence; identify the geographic scope and assumptions behind each claim.
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Maintain life-cycle assessment data, supplier records, test reports, and claim substantiation in line with applicable advertising and environmental-marketing rules.
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Clear evidence helps prevent vague claims such as “eco-friendly,” “green,” or “100% sustainable” when the claim cannot be independently demonstrated.
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| Carbon and Energy Reporting |
Recommended
Track material mass, recycled and virgin fiber shares, manufacturing energy, transport assumptions, and end-of-life scenarios using a consistent calculation method.
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Use a documented life-cycle assessment or product-carbon-footprint method with stated system boundaries, data sources, allocation rules, and reporting year.
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Consistent data makes it easier to compare carton designs without overstating the benefit of a single material or feature.
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| Design for Sorting and Consumer Disposal |
Required
Provide disposal instructions that match the actual local collection system and make removable non-paper elements easy to identify or separate where necessary.
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Confirm guidance with local waste-management requirements and use clear, market-specific disposal labeling supported by technical evidence.
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Correct consumer behavior and compatible collection infrastructure are essential for achieving real-world recovery rates.
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